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'''Greenfield International Airport''' (IATA: '''GIA''', ICAO: '''KGIA''', FAA LID: '''GIA'''), typically referred to as Greenfield Airport, is an international airport located on the northeast side of Greenfield, California. Operated by the Greenfield Department of Aviation, and covering over 4 kilometers of land, GIA has non-stop flights to over 130 destinations in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania as of 2022.
'''Greenfield International Airport''' (IATA: '''GIA''', ICAO: '''KGIA''', FAA LID: '''GIA'''), typically referred to as Greenfield Airport, is an international airport located on the northeast side of Greenfield, California. Operated by the Greenfield Department of Aviation, and covering over 4 kilometers of land, GIA has non-stop flights to over 130 destinations in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania as of 2022.
It is notable as one of the high-traffic international airports with unusually short runways, allowing aircraft up to the Boeing 767-200 or Airbus A330-200 to take off and land at maximum takeoff and landing weights (or other larger aircraft albeit with highly reduced fuel and capacity). For context, a fully loaded and fueled Boeing 747-8 requires about 10,000 feet of runway to lift off the ground, which is about 58% more distance than the longest runway here.


GIA began as an airfield for manufacturing C-54 military transports during World War II. As one of the first airports developed after the war, GIA's innovative design pioneered concepts such as concourses, direct highway access to the terminal, jet bridges, and underground refueling systems. GIA became famous during the jet age, holding the distinction as one of the world's top fifty busiest airports from 1963 to 1998, reaching 27th place in 1994. In 2019 it was the world's ninety-sixth-busiest airport, serving 20 million passengers.   
GIA began as an airfield for manufacturing C-54 military transports during World War II. As one of the first airports developed after the war, GIA's innovative design pioneered concepts such as concourses, direct highway access to the terminal, jet bridges, and underground refueling systems. GIA became famous during the jet age, holding the distinction as one of the world's top fifty busiest airports from 1963 to 1998, reaching 27th place in 1994. In 2019 it was the world's ninety-sixth-busiest airport, serving 20 million passengers.   
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=== Passenger service and growth ===
=== Passenger service and growth ===
Greenfield Municipal became Greenfield International in 1946, when Nordair began direct flights to here from Vancouver (YVR) with their newly delivered Douglas DC-4s. The original terminal 1 did not have jet bridges and thus many felt a new terminal was needed to bring Greenfield into the jet age. A new terminal opened in 1955 which is currently the oldest existing terminal at the airport now called Terminal 3.
Greenfield Municipal became Greenfield International in 1946, when Nordair began direct flights to here from Vancouver with their newly delivered Douglas DC-4s. The original terminal 1 did not have jet bridges and thus many felt a new terminal was needed to bring Greenfield into the jet age. A new terminal opened in 1955 which is currently the oldest existing terminal at the airport now called Terminal 3.


Terminal 1 and 3 modernization was completed in 1971, Terminal 2 opened in 1974 while the concourse opened in 1977. The $500 million expansion was one of the largest single building projects ever taken on by the city. In 2015 the airport finished construction on their brand new international terminal at the location of the old terminal 1. Many preservationists where angry at the destruction of the historic terminal building, but their was realistically no way the facility could have been outfitted for the modern needs of passengers and airlines. The new terminal 1 serves as the international terminal and holds the US customs. During this time a baggage system modernization occurred across the entire airport.
Terminal 1 and 3 modernization was completed in 1971, Terminal 2 opened in 1974 while the concourse opened in 1977. The $500 million expansion was one of the largest single building projects ever taken on by the city. In 2015 the airport finished construction on their brand new international terminal at the location of the old terminal 1. Many preservationists where angry at the destruction of the historic terminal building, but theere was realistically no way the facility could have been outfitted for the modern needs of passengers and airlines. The new terminal 1 serves as the international terminal and holds the US customs. During this time a baggage system modernization occurred across the entire airport.


In the 1980s GIA hosted hubs for Skyliners and Vision Airlines. The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 allowed regional carrier Altis (later renamed Speedfly Airlines) to create a small hub at GIA. Skyliners became the dominant carrier at GIA in the 1980s and 1990s and shifted most of its operations from LAX to GIA in 2002. As of 2015, GIA was Skyliners second largest hub overall.  
In the 1980s GIA hosted hubs for Skyliners and Vision Airlines. The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 allowed regional carrier Altis (later renamed Speedfly Airlines) to create a small hub at GIA. Skyliners became the dominant carrier at GIA in the 1980s and 1990s and shifted most of its operations from LAX to GIA in 2002. As of 2015, GIA was Skyliners second largest hub overall.  
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Like many airports across the nation, the aging terminal 2/3 are causing delays. Current plans involve the continued modernization of the baggage systems which started in 2012. A new terminal end is being built at the end of terminal 3, expanding the amount of gates to the terminal by 4. Minor updates to the facility will occur along side the construction.
Like many airports across the nation, the aging terminal 2/3 are causing delays. Current plans involve the continued modernization of the baggage systems which started in 2012. A new terminal end is being built at the end of terminal 3, expanding the amount of gates to the terminal by 4. Minor updates to the facility will occur along side the construction.


However, with airlines replacing traditional hub-and-spoke models with point-to-point models, large aircraft such as the 787 Dreamliner or the A350 will need to be able to land here. Unfortunately, runway extensions proposals have been rejected due to concerns regarding noise pollution in Lannex and aquatic conservation in the western side.
However, with airlines replacing traditional hub-and-spoke models with point-to-point models, large aircraft such as the 787 Dreamliner or the A350 will need to be able to land here. Unfortunately, runway extensions proposals have been rejected due to concerns regarding noise pollution in Lannex and aquatic conservation in the bay.


== Build History ==
== Build History ==
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Passengers can walk between Terminals 1,2 and 3 through bridges that connect them without needing to exit the secure area and be re-screened. All walkways are of terminal level.
Passengers can walk between Terminals 1,2 and 3 through bridges that connect them without needing to exit the secure area and be re-screened. All walkways are of terminal level.


Terminal 1 was rebuilt in 2015, keeping one leg of the original 1970s terminal building. Terminal 1 has 23 gates, gates 40-51, 53-60, and 61A-C. It serves as an operating base for all international departures. It has check-in facilities for Adelair, Air Chinese, Air Liberté, Air Pocheon, Avcilar, Barajas, Changi Air, Germanian, Golden Pacific, Jumeirah, Hawaii Air, Hong Kong Airways, [[North American Airways]], and Scandinavian United Shuttle.
Terminal 1 was rebuilt in 2015, keeping one leg of the original 1970s terminal building. Terminal 1 has 23 gates, gates 40-51, 53-61, and 62A-C. It serves as an operating base for all international departures. It has check-in facilities for Adelair, Air Chinese, Air Liberté, Air Pocheon, Avcilar, Barajas, Changi Air, Germanian, Golden Pacific, Jumeirah, Hawaii Air, Hong Kong Airways, [[North American Airways]], and Scandinavian United Shuttle.


Terminal 2 was built in 1974 (the concourse was built in 1977). The main building has 7 gates, and the concourse has room for 20. It is the base for all domestic departures, and has check-in facilities for [[Unified Airlines]], [[Vision Airlines]], [[SkyLiners Airlines]], and Houston Air.
Terminal 2 was built in 1974 (the concourse was built in 1977). The main building has 7 gates, and the concourse has room for 20. It is the base for all domestic departures, and has check-in facilities for [[Unified Airlines]], [[Vision Airlines]], [[SkyLiners Airlines]], and Houston Air.
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Greenfield International has 3 runways, 09R/27L, 09L/27R, and 03/21, all made from concrete. The 27L/R parallel runways have a separation of only 208 meters (682 feet), too little for a conventional SOIA approach to be carried out; a SOIA approach requires runways to be at least 229 meters (750 feet) apart. Therefore, at peak hours for aircraft movements where parallel takeoffs/landings are used, it is temporarily a Category C airport, meaning that pilots have to carry out special training in a simulator to land when parallel landings are in effect.
Greenfield International has 3 runways, 09R/27L, 09L/27R, and 03/21, all made from concrete. The 27L/R parallel runways have a separation of only 208 meters (682 feet), too little for a conventional SOIA approach to be carried out; a SOIA approach requires runways to be at least 229 meters (750 feet) apart. Therefore, at peak hours for aircraft movements where parallel takeoffs/landings are used, it is temporarily a Category C airport, meaning that pilots have to carry out special training in a simulator to land when parallel landings are in effect.


It is notable as one of the high-traffic international airports with unusually short runways, allowing aircraft up to the Boeing 767-200 or Airbus A330-200 to take off and land at maximum takeoff and landing weights (or other larger aircraft albeit with highly reduced fuel and capacity). For context, a fully loaded and fueled Boeing 747-8 requires about 10,000 feet of runway to lift off the ground, which is about 58% more distance than the longest runway here.
There have been cases of runway overruns due to unfavourable conditions resulting from the short runways (longest one, 09R/27L, is only just under 2,000m long), most notably [[Golden Pacific Flight 008]] which overran the runway during a strong crosswind and crashed through the eastern airport fences and onto [[I-205]]. This prompted a complete closure of said section for 2 weeks and resulted in heavy traffic in the [[Lannex]] roads due to diversion.
 
Due to this, most international traffic comes from Los Angeles or San Francisco which are both roughly 3 hour drives away. If a relatively large plane does decide to land here, they must use a high autobrake setting, and if one takes off here, full thrust is always required (regardless of runway condition) and the brakes are required to be held onto until the engine reaches full thrust.
 
There have been cases of runway overruns due to unfavourable conditions resulting from the short runways, most notably [[Golden Pacific Flight 008]] which overran the runway during a strong crosswind and crashed through the eastern airport fences and onto [[I-205]]. This prompted a complete closure of said section for 2 weeks and resulted in heavy traffic in the [[Lannex]] roads due to diversion.


==== Simultaneous Offset Instrument Approach ====
==== Simultaneous Offset Instrument Approach ====
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|-
|-
|Hawaiian Airlines
|Hawaiian Airlines
|Honolulu, Kahului
|Honolulu, Kahului, Kailua-Kona (begins May 1, 2023)
|-
|-
|Hong Kong Airways
|Hong Kong Airways
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|-
|-
|[[Speedfly Airlines]]
|[[Speedfly Airlines]]
|Las Vegas, Houston-William P. Hobby
|Houston-William P. Hobby, Las Vegas, Sacramento
|-
|-
|SunCoast Airlines
|SunCoast Airlines
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|-
|-
|[[Unified Airlines|Unified]]
|[[Unified Airlines|Unified]]
|Houston-Intercontinental, Las Vegas, New York-Newark, Orlando, Seattle-Tacoma
|Houston-Intercontinental, Las Vegas, New York-Newark, Orlando, Reno, Seattle-Tacoma, Tucson
|-
|-
|Victorian Atlantic
|Victorian Atlantic
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|-
|-
|[[Vision Airlines]]
|[[Vision Airlines]]
|Atlanta, Bentonville, Charlotte, Chicago-O'Hare, Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky, Columbus, Dallas-Fort Worth, Hong Kong, Honolulu, London-Heathrow, Lihue, Los Angeles, Melbourne, Miami, Minneapolis-St Paul, New Orleans, New York-JFK, New York-Newark, Orlando, Phoenix-Sky Harbor, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Sacramento, Shanghai-Pudong, Sydney, Tokyo-Haneda, Toronto-Pearson, Tucson, Vancouver, Washington-National, Zürich<br />'''Seasonal:''' Auckland
|Albuquerque, Atlanta, Bentonville, Charlotte, Chicago-O'Hare, Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky, Columbus, Dallas-Fort Worth, Denver, Hong Kong, Honolulu, London-Heathrow, Lihue, Los Angeles, Melbourne, Miami, Minneapolis-St Paul, New Orleans, New York-JFK, New York-Newark, Orlando, Phoenix-Sky Harbor, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Sacramento, Shanghai-Pudong, Sydney, Tokyo-Haneda, Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver, Washington-National, Zürich<br />'''Seasonal:''' Auckland
|}
|}


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